Shaving device



J' 235 1941' G. DALKowrrz i 2329353 sflAvING DEvIcE Filed Jan. 18, 1957 i W; INVENTOR,

BY Gffny DalotJ` Jan. 28, 1941 UNITED STATES\- SHAVIN G DEVICE Godfrey Dalkowitz, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to American Safety Razor Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia Application January 18, 1937, Serial No. 121,111

14 (l'laimsf This invention relates to shaving devices of the type commonly known as dry shavers" in which the shaving operation is carried on without the use of detergents or ,unguents, and is usually accomplished by the shearing or nipping action of relatively movable cutting edges, and in particular, it relates to a dry shaver provided with cutting members that are reciprocable or oscillatable relatively to each other.

While my invention has been disclosed as applied to a dry shaver of the reciprocating or oscillating type it will be understood that it is not restricted to dry shavers of that type, and that, as to certain phases thereof, it may have other applications than to dry shavers.

In the construction of dry shavers it is necessary in order to attain an effective cutting action that the Cutting edge be positioned as closely as possible to the surface to be shaved so that a close shave" may be attained, while at the same time precautions must be taken against a portion of the fieshy surface to be shaved entering between the cutting portions.

Among the more important objects of my invention are: the provision of a dry shaver which is simple in construction, and which will operate effectively to give a close shave in a short time without injurious consequences; the provision in a dry shaver of Cutting portions in the form of spaced Cutting segments, the provision in a dry shaver of a member carrying a plurality of short cutting edges spaced from each other; the provision in a dry shaver of a member presenting a plurality of sets of teeth in opposition to each other with Spaces between the teeth; the teeth of one set registering with the spaces between the other set; the provision in a dry shaver of a member presenting a plurality of sets of teeth in opposition to eachother, with spaces between the teeth, the free ends of the teeth of each set being in substantial alignment and with the teeth on one set in registry with the spaces between the teeth on the other set and more particularly the provision in such arrangement of the free ends of the teeth of both sets in substantially a common line; the provision in a dry shaver of a continuous Cutting edge made up of linear seetions, alternate sections forming the ends of two sets of teeth with one set in opposition to the other; the provision generally with each of the 'aforesaid arrangements of a member and means for providing a relative movement between the parts whereby a Cutting action will be "effected across the cuttingedges.

Among further objects of my invention are the provision of other teeth not aligned with the aforementioned teeth and auxiliary thereto, the provision of openings in the guard member of a dry shaver through which waste matter, such as 5 hair clippings, may escape from thel guard member, and, further, the provision of improved means for oscillating the cutting blade of the razor.

For the attainment of these objects and such 10 other objects as will hereinafter appear or be pointed out I have illustrated one embodiment of my invention in the drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a razor of the dry shaver type; 15

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same;

Figure 3 is a front elevation of the shaver head as it Would appear when viewed from the left of Figures i and 2; and on a greatly enla'rged scale. portions of the guard being broken away to expose the oscillating cutter;

Figure 4 is a sectional view on a greatly enlarged scaie, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure`3, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but on a smaller scale,A showing the parts in different relative position; and

Figure 6 is a sectional view of a portion of the cutting mechanism taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Figure 3, looking in the direction of O the arrows, and on a greatly enlarged scale.

Referring first to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing it will be observed that I have shown therein a shaving device of the dry shaver type provided with a shaving head denoted in general by A and with a handle denoted by B, the former containing the cutting mechanism and the latter the motor for actuating the cutting mechanism. A set screw C is provided for clamping the head in place on the handle, and electrical connections for supplying power to the motor are indicated in dotted lines at D. As my invention relates solely to improvements in the cutting head of the razor, it will be unnecessary to describe the other parts thereof in detail, and it will suflice to say that I contemplate using therein a motor of any preferred or desired character and mechanisrn operated thereby for actuating the shaving mechanism thereof.

Referring now to the details of my shaving head as illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, it

will be observed that I have shown it as comprising a guard or casing IB having an extension |2 thereon, that is adapted for accommodation 55 within a slot of the handle portion, as may be seen from Figure 2, and this guard or casing may be made in two Sections, for manufacturing convenience, as will appear from what follows. When the g'uard is thus made in two parts, it may be held together by screws |4, so that the parts in effect form a single unit, when assembled. Running longitudinally through the outer end portion of the guard is a cylindrical bore i6 designed to accommodate the movable cutter, as will be subsequently described.

The portion of the guard that accommodates the cutter is shown externally also generally of cylindrical shape, however slightly fiattened out at its end, this constituting the guard portion proper, which engages ,the surface to be shaved, and at this point the walls are thinned down so as to taper off into Cutting edges |9 which meet at the line denoted by P in Figures 3 and 4. As clearly shown in Figure 3 the walls of the guard adjacent the Cutting edges are slotted so as to form a series of teeth i8 separated by the slots and it will be observed that each tooth IB of each half of the guard or casing is in opposition to a slot 20 of the other half of the guard. In other words the relation is a staggered one, with the result that running across the Casing in a longitudinal direction there is what may be termed to be a single Cutting edge constituted by segments, and the Cutting edge of each pair of adjacent segments face in opposite directions. These Cutting edges may be conveniently formed by grinding away the top of the guard along a plane indicated at 22-22 in Figure 4, whereby a verir sharp and attenuated Cutting edge is formed at the point or rather line, P at which the plane 22-22 becomes tangent to the inner surface of the bore IB.

Revolubly mounted within the bore |6 is a carrier member 24 that has mounted within the Cutting element 26, and-this Cutting element bears in close engagement against the walls of the bore 16 and together With the contacting walls of the carrier element 24 Constitutes the bearing surfaces by which the carrier is constrained to oscillate within the bore |6. At its Contacting surface portion the Cutting element 26 has on the respective opposite sides thereof, two Cutting edges 28 and 30, and as the Cutting element moves back and forth across the Cutting teeth 58, these edges function alternately, the advancing edge in each case coacting with the teeth i8 on that side of the guard toward which the advancing edge is moving.

It will be observed that the inner edges 2| of the slots l8 are also shown as tapered off into Cutting teeth, as may be Clearly seen from Figures 2 and 5, and these Cutting edges, while they are not ordinarily positioned as Close to the surface to be shaved as are the Cutting edges i9, may nevertheless serve as auxiliary Cutting edges to assist the edges i 9. They may serve, for example, to operate on the longer hairs, which the Cutting edges |9 will thereafter trim more closely.

It will further be observed that the teeth l8 have beenshown in Figure 3 as wider than the slots 20. This construction has the advantage that the free corner portions 'of each Cutting edge IS are protected against damage by the overlapping Corner portions of the opposite Cutting edges |9, this being desirable where the Cutting edges are very thin. However, it will be understood that for certain purposes the relative width of teeth and slots may be other than as shown.

For example the slots might be of the same width as the teeth, or even of greater width.

To effect oscillation of the carrier 24 and the cutter 26 within the bore IG, as indicated by the arrows O, so that the edges 28 and 30 are alternately brought into action each against its respective set of Cutting teeth, I have provided mechanism Comprising a pin 32 revolubly and slidably mounted within the bore 34 provided in the carrier 24, and the pin 32 has a bore 36 running transversely therethrough and adapted to receive the Crank pin 38 that is provided on the end of a driving element such as the shaft 40 of the motor contained in the handle B.

The operation of the parts just described will be understood from an inspection of Figures 4, 5 and 6. In Figure 6 the Crank pin 38 and pin 32 are shown in their extreme right hand positions and this represents a position of these parts in which the Cutting element 28 is in its middle position as indicated in Figures 3, 4 and 6. lf the motor shaft 40 is rotated through onequarter turn the parts will assume the position indicated in Figure 5 in which the cutter 26 has reached a limiting position of oscillation, and in which the Crank pin 38 has also assumed a limiting position in a plane transversely positioned in relation to the guard. It will be observed that in order to pass from the position of Figure 4 to that of Figure 5, it is necessary for the pin 32 to turn within the bore 34.

The carrier 24 is shown as provided with a pair of heads 42, applied thereto in any suitable or preferred manner, and these heads serve to more or less Close the ends of the bore 34 thereby preventing the entrance of dirt thereinto, as well as to retain the cutter 26 against longitudlnal displacement and to aiford extra bearing surface between the bore IG and the osclllating parts. In order to retain the oscillating parts, that is the carrier 24 and its adjuncts, in place within the guard, the latter is shown as provided with end plates 44 held in place in any suitable or preferred manner as by screws 46, and these plates engage the heads 42 in bearing contact therewith.

In order to secure proper Contact between the Cutting element 20 and the Cutting edges of the teeth |8 I provide a pair of plungers 48, one of which is shown in Figure 5, that are each slidable within a bore 50 in the extension IZ of the guard or casing, and this bore is shown as restricted at its upper end so as to prevent the passage of the plunger 48 therethrough while at the same time permittlng its end to protrude into the bore IS. The plunger 48 is shown in Figure 6 as being urged against the carrier 24 by a coil spring 52 mounted within the bore 50 and adapted to have its pressure against the plunger 40 regulated by a set screw 54. which bears against one end of the spring.

In order to provide for the escape from the guard member of the hair Clippings that enter its interior, I have shown a pair of openings 56, one provided on each side of the guard member, and it will be observed by viewing Flgures 4 and 5, that as the cutter 26 and its carrier 24 oscillate. the clippings will be forced to move toward and over the openings 56 and will escape therethrough. At the same time a ventilating action is secured which serves to cool the device.

The advantages of my construction will now be clearly apparent. While the guard member is sufiiciently strong to perforrn the function required of it, it will be observed that the portions thereof adjacent the Cutting edges IQ are extremely thin, and the angle of the Cutting edges is highly acute whereby they are very effective for their intended purpose. It will also be observed that the Cutting takes place substantially at the surface to be shaved, and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the hair to be cut, whereby the maximum effectiveness of action. is secured. At the' same time due to the fact that the slots 20 are restricted in size it is` impossible for portionsof a fieshy surface to be shaved to protrude into the guard to an extent so great that there is danger of their being Caught between the Cutting edges. Where auxiliary Cutting edges 2i are used, these will assist the Cutting edges l9, as has already been explained.

The advantages of my lmproved construction for oscillating the Cutter 2B and its Carrier will also be apparent. Due to the pivotal and slid' able mounting of pin 32, freedom from binding is at all times seCured.

While I have herein disclosed one embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the same may be embodied in many forms, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the disclosure herein is not intended to be restrictlve, but byway of illustration merely, and that I do not limit myself in any way other than as called for by the prior art.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claimias new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. In a razor of the dry shaver type, a stationary guard member having a substantially Continuous Cutting edge constituted by a series of narrow Cutting blades alternately facing in opposite drections and having their edges in alignment and a Cutting element having Cutting edges -adapted to assume positions at all times parallel to said Cutting edge of the guard and to move transversely across said Cutting edge of the guard and in close contact therewith so as to exert a shearing action on matter interposed between said respective Cutting edges onthe guard and on the Cutting element.

2. A razor of the dry shaver type having a stationary guard member provided With a substantially continuous Cutting edge Constltutecl by a series 'of narrow Cutting blades alternateiy facing in opposite directions, said Cutting edge being formed at the points of tangency of a plane surface Constituting a portion of the outer surface of said guard member, and by the walls of a cylindrical bore within the guard member, and said blades having their Cutting edges in allgnment and a Cutting element adapted to assume positions parallel to said Cutting edge of the guard and to oscillate transversely across said Cutting edge of the guard and in such close Con-I tact therewith as to exert a shearing action, mounted for oscillation within said Cylindrical bore.

3. In a razor of the dry shaver type, a stationary guard member having a substantially continuous Cutting edge Constituted by a series of narrow Cutting blades alternately facing in opposite directions and having their edges in alignment, and the outer surfaces of said blades adjacent said Cutting edges lying substantially in a plane, and an oscillating Cutting blade adapted to assume positions parallel to said Cutting edge of the guard and to oscillate transversely across said Cutting edge of the guard and in such Close Contact therewith as to exert a shearing action.

fi. In a dry shaver a guard member, a pair of parallel rows of spaced openings therein, the openings of each row being staggered in relation to the openings of the other row and each of the openings of'both rows having one of their edges in alignment and having Cutting edgesformed on said aligned edges, and a Cutting element having longitudinally disposed Cutting edges thereon adapted to Cooperate with said Cutting edges to effect a shearlng action and means for causing said Cutting blade to move back and forth transversely across said Cutting edges of said guard.

5. A dry shaver having a guard member, openings in said guard member arranged in staggered relation, a Cutting edge formed on an edge of said openings, and the Cutting edges on alternate openings being oppositely directed and in alignment, and a Cutting edge formed on the edge of each opening that is opposed to said first-mentioned edge.

6. In a dry shaver of the oscillating type, a guard member having stationary Cutting edges thereon,- a Cylindrical bore within said guard mernbei` having a surface element thereof tan-- gent to the outer surface of the guard member, whereby a pair of said Cutting edges are formed at the points of tangency, and each of said cutting edges being broken up into a plurality oi' spaced segments, a Cutting member mounted for oscillation Within said Cylindrical bore, said Cut' ting member Carrying a longitudinaliy extending Cutting blade adapted to Coopcrate With said stationary Cutting edges on the' guard member to effect a shearing action, and an opening in the guard member positioned on each side of the Cutting edges and adapted for the discharge of clippings, and means for Causing an oscillatory. motion of said Cutting blade across said Cutting' edges.

'1. Lin a dry shaver of the oseiiiating type,

guar'd member having stationarz, Cutting edges thereon, a cylindrical bore within said guaz'd member having a surface element thereof tangent to'the outer surface of the guard member, Whereby a pair of said Cutting edges are formed at the points of tangency, and each of said CutD ting edges being broken up into a pluralitzr of spaced segments, a Cutting member inounted f oscillation Within said Cyiindrical and Cutting member Carrying a iongitudinally etz'tetidf ing Cutting blade adapted to Cooperate with said stationary Cutting edges on the guari member to effect a shearlng action.

8. A dry shaver of the oscillating type Coma prising a guard member having stationary Cutting edges thereon, a Cyiindrical -bore Within said guard member having a surface element thereoi' tangent to the outer surface of the guard member, whereby a pair o f oppositely ,directed allgned Cutting edges are formed at the points of tani *i gency, a Cutting member mounted for oscillation within said cylindrical bore, said Cutting member carrying a longitudinally extending'cutting blade adapted to Cooperate with said stationary Cutting edges on the guard memberto effect a shearing action, and an opening in the guard member adapted for the discharge of Clippings, and means for Causing an oscillatory motion of said Cutting blade across said Cutting edges.

9.In a dry shaver of the osciliating type, a guard member having stationary Cutting edges thereon, a cylindrical bore within said guard member having a surface element thereof tangent to the outer surface of the guard member,

tal-

.tionary cutting edges on the guard member to effect a shearing action, and an opening in the guard member positioned on each side of the cut-- ting edges and adapted for the discharge of clippings, and means for causing an oscillatory m0- tlon of said cutting blade across said cutting I edges.

10. In a dry shaver of the oscillating type. a guard member having stationaryV cutting edges thereon, a cylindrical bore within said guard member havinga surface element thereof tangent to the outer surface'of the guard member, whereby a pair of said 'Cutting edges areformed at the points of tangency, and each of said cutting edges being broken up into a plurality of spaced segments, and the segments of one cutting edge being staggered in relation to the other cutting edge, a Cutting member mounted for osclllation Within said cylindrical bore, and said cutting member carrying a longitudinally extending cutting blade adapted to cooperate withsaid stationary Cutting edges on the guard member to effect a shearing action.

.edges formed on the ends of their teeth and the teeth of saidrespective members being arranged in staggered relation to each other, and said cutting edges being arranged in alignment.

13. Adry shav'er comprising a shear plate pro- I vided with two rows of openings, the openings in one row being staggered with reference to those in the other row, and the adjacent inner edges of the openings of one of the two rows of openings being in longitudinal alignment with the inner edges of the openings of the other row and a cutter movable transversely of said shear plate.

14. A dry shaver comprising a shear plate provided with two rows of openings, theopenings 2 in one row being staggered with relation to those in the other row, the inner edges of the openings of each row of openings being in longitudinal alignment with the inner edges of the openings of the other row and a cutter movable in oppo- 3 site directions transversely of the shear plate. GODFREY DALKOWITZ. 

